Seminars
11th Seminar (2024), part 3
Under construction!
Programme: PL, ENG, UA. Poster
10th Seminar (2022)
Under construction!
9th Seminar (2021)
Under construction!
8th Seminar (2020)
Under construction!
7th Seminar (2019)
Under construction!
6th Seminar (Hrubieszów 2018)
The 6th seminar on Cherven Towns (and not only), organised in cooperation with Stanisław Staszic Museum in Hrubieszów, took place on 27-29 June 2018. This time, the main theme was “Rivers that connect, rivers that divide. The hydrological network in Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe and its importance in the Middle Ages”. The seminar was accompanied by the presentation of hoards discovered in 2014-2015 in Czermno (within the stronghold’s ramparts) and Peresepa (near Czermno). Programme: PL, DE, ENG, UA.
5th Seminar (Zamość 2017)
The 5th seminar on Cherven Towns (and not only), organised in cooperation with the Museum of Zamość took place on 20-22 September 2017. This time, the main theme was “Gone with the wind? Early medieval central places in present-day peripheries. Between science, protection, and revitalisation”. The seminar was accompanied by the opening of the exhibition “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West”, and the presentation of a monograph in two volumes entitled “The early medieval settlement complex at Czermno in the light of results from past research (up to 2010). Material evidence – Marek Florek, Marcin Wołoszyn (eds.)”. In addition, a critical study was presented by Dariusz Dąbrowski and Adrian Jusupović concerning the Galicia-Volhynian Chronicle.
4th Seminar (Cracow 2016)
The fourth of the meetings planned within the grant project, a seminar on Cherven Towns organised in cooperation with the National Museum in Kraków (Bishop Erazm Ciołek Palace), took place on 7-9 December 2016. The seminar was combined with the opening of the exhibition ”Treasures of the Cherven Towns”, presenting hoards discovered in 2014-2015 in Czermno (within the stronghold’s ramparts) and Peresepa, and with the jubilee of Professor Michał Parczewski. Photographic coverage from the event was presented on the profile
(see Album: Seminarium nr 4…).
3rd Seminar (Lublin 2015)
The third of the meetings planned within the grant project, a seminar on Cherven Towns organised in cooperation with the Institute of Archaeology of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University took place on 25-27 November 2015. Among others, the programme included the presentation of papers concerning investigation into the stronghold’s rampart (season 2015), and presentation of a hoard found shortly before in Perespa. Programme.
2nd Seminar (Rzeszów 2014)
The second of the three meetings planned within the grant project, a seminar on Cherven Towns organised in cooperation with the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Rzeszów, took place on 6-7 November 2014. Among others, the programme included the presentation of a report from research on the rampart of the Czermno stronghold and bridge (season 2014), and presentation of a unique artefact – copper kolt’ – discovered during the exploration of the bridge. Photographic coverage of the event was presented on Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook (see Album: Seminarium nr 2…).
1st Seminar (Hrubieszów 2013)
The first of the three meetings planned within the grant project, a seminar on Cherven Towns organised in cooperation with Stanisław Staszic Museum in Hrubieszów, took place on 19-20 September 2013, precisely 60 years after a conference on Cherven Towns in Hrubieszów during the research of 1952-1955. Photographic coverage of the event was presented on Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook (see Album: Seminarium nr 1…).
Conferences
Kraków 2018
On 7-9 May 2018, a conference devoted to Dorogichin seals, “The Sphinx of Slav Sigillography. Dorogichin seals in light of interdisciplinary research”, was organised in cooperation with Emeryk Hutten-Czapski Museum (a branch of the National Museum in Kraków). Programme: PL, DE, ENG.
The conference was accompanied by the opening of the “Significant – inconspicuous. Lead seals“, exhibition, presenting, among others, Drogichin seals.
Excavations
Gródek 2018 – students’ field training
On 2 July 2018, archaeology students from the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Rzeszów started their field training in Gródek site 29 (cemetery). The excavations lasted two weeks. They were a continuation of research initiated by Stanisław Staszic Museum in 2017, when the museum staff launched rescue excavations after reports about the discovery of human bones on a field belonging to a local farmer. The basic goal of the research carried out in 2018 was to determine whether there were any more burials in that place, and the direction in which the cemetery continues. The progress of the research was reported on a regular basis via the Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook (see Album: Gródek 2018 – praktyki wykopaliskowe).
Czermno 2016 – students’ field training
On 29 June 2016, archaeology students from the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Rzeszów started their field training in Czermno site 1 (stronghold). The excavations lasted approximately four weeks, and were continuation of the research from the previous season. The main objective was to fully uncover the burial discovered in 2015. The progress of the research was reported on a regular basis via the Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook (see Albums: Czermno 2016 – praktyki wykopaliskowe and Czermno 2016 – praktyki wykopaliskowe “oczami studentów”).
Czermno 2015 – students’ field training
On 29 June 2015, archaeology students from the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Rzeszów started their field training in Czermno site 1 (stronghold). The stronghold’s rampart continued to be explored further, towards the inside of the stronghold. The progress of the research was reported on a regular basis via the Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook (see Album: Czermno 2015 – praktyki wykopaliskowe).
Czermno 2014
Excavations in Czermno site 1 (stronghold) started on 26 May 2014. A trench was opened on the stronghold’s rampart. The research was aimed at determining the chronology of the Cherven stronghold, and was strictly connected with realisation of task 7 within the “Golden apple…” project. Students from the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Rzeszów also participated in the fieldworks. The progress of the research was reported on a regular basis via the Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook (see Albums: Czermno 2014 and Czermno 2014 – praktyki wykopaliskowe).
Czermno 2013 – students’ field training
Excavations in Czermno site 3 (cemetery and settlement) started on 21 August 2013. The goal of the fieldwork was to determine the extent of damage to the early medieval cemetery. Students from the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Rzeszów also participated in the fieldwork. The progress of the research was reported on a regular basis via the Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook (see Albums: Czermno 2013 – praktyki wykopaliskowe).
Exhibitions
Ostrów Lednicki (2022)
Under construction!
Tomaszów Lubelski (2022)
Under construction!
Będzin (2019)
On 24 January 2019, an exhibition was opened in Muzeum Zagłębia in Będzin, entitled “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West“.
Gniezno (2018)
On 10 July 2018, an exhibition was opened in the Museum of the Origins of the Polish State in Gniezno“, entitled “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West“.
Kraków (2018)
On 9 May 2018, an exhibition was opened in the Emeryk Hutten-Czapski Museum (a branch of the National Museum in Kraków), entitled “Significant – inconspicuous. Lead seals“.
Biłgoraj (2018)
On 16 March 2018, an exhibition was opened in the Biłgoraj Museum, entitled “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West“.
Zamość (2017)
On 20 September 2017, an exhibition was opened in the Museum of Zamość, entitled “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West. Treasures of the Cherven Towns”. The opening of the exhibition took place within the 5th seminar of the “Golden apple… “ project. A report from the opening of the exhibition can be seen at youtube.com.
Tarnów (2017)
On 3 July 2017, an exhibition was opened in the Regional Museum in Tarnów, entitled “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West“.
Gdańsk (2017)
On 22 June 2017, an exhibition was opened in the Archaeological Museum in Gdańsk“, entitled “More than just quarrels and disputes. Masterpieces of medieval jewellery from Czermno as a testimony of formation of Polish-Ruthenian borderlands“. A report from the event was presented on the Facebook profile of the Archaeological Museum in Gdańsk (see Album: Wystawa czasowa – Czermno).
Kraków (2016)
On 7 December 2016, an exhibition was opened in Bishop Erazm Ciołek Palace (a branch of the National Museum in Kraków), entitled “Treasures of the Cherven Towns“. The opening took place within the 6th seminar of the “Golden apple…” project and was connected with the jubilee of Professor Michał Parczewski. A photographic report from the event was presented on the Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook (see Album: Seminarium nr 4…). Report from the opening of the exhibition see.
Przemyśl (2016)
On 22 July 2016, an exhibition was opened in the National Museum in Przemyśl, entitled “Czerwień – a stronghold between East and West”. The opening was accompanied by a paper “Vladimir marched upon the Lyakhs and took their cities… State and perspective of research on Cherven Towns” presented by Professor Marcin Wołoszyn.
Biała Podlaska (2016)
On 22 April 2016, an exhibition was opened in the Museum of Southern Podlasie in Biała Podlaska, entitled “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West”. A report from the event is available at youtube.com.
Poznań (2016)
On 9 April 2016, an exhibition was opened in the National Museum in Poznań, entitled “IMAGINES MEDII AEVI. Exhibition commemorating the 1050th nniversary of Poland’s baptism“. Among many others, the exhibition presented selected early medieval artefacts from Czermno and Gródek nad Bugiem.
Hrubieszów (2016)
On 28 January 2016, an exhibition was opened in Stanisław Staszic Museum in Hrubieszów, entitled “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West“. The opening was accompanied by a paper presented by Professor Marcin Wołoszyn: “Czerwień – a stronghold between East and West”. A photographic report from the event was presented on the Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook.
Chełm (2015)
On 30 September 2015, an exhibition was opened in Wiktor Ambroziewicz Museum in Chełm, entitled “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West”. The opening was accompanied by a paper presented by Professor Marcin Wołoszyn.
Lubaczów (2015)
On 1 May 2015, an exhibition was opened in Muzeum Kresów in Lubaczów, entitled: “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West”.
Rzeszów (2015)
On 3 February 2015, an exhibition was opened in the Regional Museum in Rzeszów, entitled “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West”. The opening was accompanied by a paper presented by Professor Marcin Wołoszyn: ”Cherven Towns – state and perspectives of research”. A photographic report from the event was presented on the Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook (see Album: Czerwień – gród…).
Radom (2014)
On 23 October 2014, an exhibition was opened in Jacek Malczewski Museum in Radom, entitled “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West“.
Krasnystaw (2014)
On 16 May 2014, an exhibition was opened in the Regional Museum in Krasnystaw, entitled “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West“.
Sieradz (2014)
On 14 February 2014, an exhibition was opened in the Regional Museum in Sieradz, entitled “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West“.
Conference papers
Lublin (2023)
Under construction!
Lublin (2022)
Under construction!
Lipsk (2022)
Under construction!
Tomaszów Lubelski (2022)
Under construction!
Rzeszów (2021)
Under construction!
Wilno (2021)
Under construction!
Kilonia (2021)
Under construction!
Kraków (2021)
Under construction!
Lublin (2021)
Under construction!
Kijów (2020)
Under construction!
Berlin (2018)
On 17 October 2018, during the “Die Last der Geschichte(n)? Regionalkonflikte und Legitimität im östlichen Europa” conference held in Zentrum für Osteuropa- und internationale Studien (ZOiS), a paper was presented: “Vom Zankapfel nationaler Aneignungen zum „Goldenen Apfel der polnischen Archäologie“. Der ostpolnische Fundplatz Czermno-Červen als Chance internationaler Kooperation”. Programme.
Oksford (2018)
On 27 September 2018, during “The Byzantine Commonwealth 50 years on: Empires and their afterlife”, conference held in Worcester College, a paper was presented: “Finding the frontiers of the commonwealth”. Programme. Abstracts.
Wrocław (2018)
On 21 September 2018, within the frameworks of the 6th Congress of Polish Medieval Studies (Section 15 – Polish-Ruthenian heritage in the history of East-Central Europe), a paper was presented: “Cherven Towns – state and perspectives of research. Their role in research on archaeological evidence of Polish-Ruthenian contacts”. Programme.
Lublin (2018)
On 27 April 2018, during the conference “XXXIV Konferencji. Badania archeologiczne w Polsce Środkowowschodniej, Zachodniej Białorusi i Ukrainie w roku 2017″, a paper was presented: “Archaeological investigation of the rampart of Czermno stronghold – between 1976 and 2016”. A photographic report of the event was presented on the Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook (see Album: Konferencja Lublin – kwiecień 2018). Programme.
Gdańsk (2017)
On 4 July 2017, a paper “Borderland fortresses or cites-gates? Cherven Towns in the 10th-13th centuries in the light of recent research“, was presented in the Archaeological Museum in Gdańsk. The presentation was connected with the exhibition “More than just quarrels and disputes. Masterpieces of medieval jewellery from Czermno as a testimony of formation of Polish-Ruthenian borderlands”, on display in the museum at that time. A report from the event is available at youtube.com in two parts. Part 1 – see; part 2 – see.
Lednica (2017)
On 10 May 2017, a paper “You shall not bow to foreign gods. Interdisciplinary approach in research on the Cherven Towns”, was presented within the 20th edition of the Funeralia Lednickie conference.
Lublin (2017)
On 21 April 2017, during the conference “XXXIII Konferencji. Badania archeologiczne w Polsce Środkowowschodniej, Zachodniej Białorusi i Ukrainie w roku 2016″, a paper was presented: “A burial in the rampart of Czermno stronghold (no. 1/2016) and its importance for the chronology of the settlement complex in Czermno (Cherven)”. Programme.
Lublin (2017)
On 19 January 2017, a paper “Lublin. In the Cherven Towns’ foreland” was presented during the conference “Lublin. The early career of the city until the 16th century“, organised to commemorate the 700th anniversary of the City of Lublin.
Lublin (2017)
On 13 January 2017, a paper “Stronghold at Czermno-Cherven. Research in 2014-1016” was presented within a meeting entitled “Seminar: Early medieval strongholds, settlements, and cemeteries. Selected research issues“. A photographic report from the event was presented on the Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook (see Album: Seminarium Lublin 2017). Programme.
Przemyśl (2016)
On 22 July 2016, a paper “Vladimir marched upon the Lyakhs and took their cities… State and perspectives of research on Cherven Towns” was presented in connection with the opening of the exhibition “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West” in the National Museum in Przemyśl.
Zamość (2016)
On 14 May 2016, a paper “At the dawn of history of Poland and Rus’ and Christianisation of East-Central Europe. Cherven Towns in past and recent research” was presented as part of the “Museum Night in Zamość 2016”. Programme.
Poznań (2016)
On 23 April 2016, a paper “Before Poland B was invented. Cherven Towns, or the Golden Apple of Polish archaeology” was presented during
“IMAGINES MEDII AEVI. Exhibition commemorating the 1050th anniversary of Poland’s baptism” on display in the National Museum in Poznań.
Lublin (2016)
On 25 April 2016, a paper “Czermno settlement complex in light of research from 2013-2015” was presented during the conference “XXXII Konferencja. Badania archeologiczne w Polsce Środkowowschodniej, Zachodniej Białorusi i Ukrainie w roku 2015”. A photographic report from the event was presented on Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook (see Album: Konferencja Lublin…). Programme.
Hrubieszów (2016)
On 28 January 2016, a paper “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West” was presented during the opening of the exhibition “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West” in Stanisław Staszic Museum in Hrubieszów. A photographic report from the event was presented on the Grody Czerwieńskie on Facebook.
Chełm (2015)
On 30 September 2015, a paper was presented during the opening of the exhibition “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West” in Wiktor Ambroziewicz Museum in Chełm.
Rzeszów (2015)
On 21 September 2015, a paper “Cherven Towns – state and perspectives of research” was presented during the 5th Congress of Polish Medieval Studies, in Section I: At the junction of East and West. Borderlands in Polish medieval studies.
Lublin (2015)
On 26 March 2016, three papers were presented during the conference “XXXI Konferencji. Badania archeologiczne w Polsce Środkowowschodniej, Zachodniej Białorusi i Ukrainie w roku 2015″,
entitled: “Investigation of the rampart in Czermno in 2014”, “Czermno site 70 – a newly discovered parapet”, and “The hoard from Perespa near Czermno – preliminary interpretation of chronology and cultural context”. Programme.
Rzeszów (2015)
On 3 February 2015, a paper “Cherven Towns – state and perspectives of research” was presented during the opening of the exhibition “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West” in the Regional Museum in Rzeszów. A photographic report from the event was presented on the Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook (see Album: Czerwień – gród…).
Lublin (2014)
On 25 April 2014, during the conference “XXX Konferencja. Badania archeologiczne w Polsce Środkowowschodniej, Zachodniej Białorusi i Ukrainie w roku 2013″, three papers were presented: “Inhumation cemetery at Czermno site 3 – results of archaeological investigation in 2013”, “Inhumation cemetery at Czermno site 3 – results of anthropological investigation in 2013”, and “Preliminary results of environmental research in the surroundings of early medieval archaeological sites at Gródek and Czermno”. A photographic report from the event was presented on the Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook (see Album: Konferencja Lublin…).
Warszawa (2014)
On 8 January 2014, a paper entitled “Ex oriente lux or the archaeology of the Cherven Towns” was presented within WSZECHNICA – a series of open lectures organised by the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Warsaw Scientific Society. A report from the event was made available at na youtube.com (see film: Ex oriente lux czyli archeologia Grodów Czerwieńskich).
Lwów-Vinniki (2013)
On 8 November 2013, two papers concerning the research at Czermno site 3 in season 2013 were presented during an international conference: “Newly discovered inhumation cemetery at Czermno site 3 – results of archaeological investigation in 2013”, and “Newly discovered inhumation cemetery at Czermno site 3 – results of anthropological investigation in 2013”. A photographic report from the event was presented on the Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook (see Album: Konferencja Lwów-Vinniki…).
Berlin (2013)
On 15 July 2013, during the ceremony of decorating Professor Klaus Zernack with “LUX ET LAUS” medal of the Permanent Committee of Polish Medieval Studies, a paper concerning Cherven Towns was presented, entitled “Die Červenischen Burgen als Grenzregion damals und heute. Geschichte und Forschungsgeschichte eines mittelalterlichen Begegnungsraumes der Kulturen” = “Cherven Towns as a border region in the past and now. History and history of research on medieval cultural borderlands”. A photographic report from the event was presented on the Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook (see Album: Berlin – referat na temat “Grodów Czerwieńskich”).
Media about “Us”
2019 r.
About the exhibition “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West” in Muzeum Zagłębia in Będzin see:
2018 r.
About the exhibition “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West” in the Museum of the Origins of the Polish State see:
- http://tv.gniezno.pl
- http://gniezno24.com
- http://gniezno.naszemiasto.pl
- http://informacjelokalne.pl
- http://moje-gniezno.pl
- http://cojestgrane24.wyborcza.pl
- https://gniezno.eu
About the exhibition “Significant – inconspicuous. Lead seals” in the Emeryk Hutten-Czapski Museum (a branch of the National Museum in Kraków) see:
- http://cojestgrane24.wyborcza.pl
- https://krakow.gosc.pl
- https://dzieje.pl
- https://radiokrakow.pl
- https://lovekrakow.pl
- http://welcometo.pl
- https://www.malopolskaonline.pl
About the exhibition “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West” in the Biłgoraj Museum see:
2017 r.
About the exhibition “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West. Treasures of the Cherven Towns” in the Museum of Zamość and the 5th V Seminar of the “Golden apple…” project, see:
About the exhibition “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West. Treasures of the Cherven Towns” in the Museum of Zamość see:
- http://lublin.tvp.pl
- http://kurierzamojski.pl
- http://zamosconline.pl
- http://tygodnikzamojski.pl
- http://zci.zamosc.pl
- http://ezamosc.pl
- http://zamosc.tv
- http://zamojska.pl
- http://roztoczewita.pl
- http://roztocze.net
- http://konik.pl
- report from the opening of the exhibition is available at youtube.com
About the exhibition “More than just quarrels and disputes. Masterpieces of medieval jewellery from Czermno as a testimony of formation of Polish-Ruthenian borderlands” in the Archaeological Museum in Gdańsk and the paper “Borderland fortresses or cities-gates? Cherven Towns in the 10th-13th centuries in light of recent research” see:
About the exhibition “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West” in the Regional Museum in Tarnów, see:
- https://zvami.tv
- http://kultura.tarnow.pl
- http://miastoiludzie.pl
- http://tarnowskieinfo.pl
- https://tarnow.net.pl
About the conference “Lublin. The early career of the city until the 16th century” and the paper “Lublin. In the Cherven Towns’ foreland” see:
- http://dziennikwschodni.pl
- http://lublin.naszemiasto.pl
- http://lsi-lublin.pl
- https://nowytydzien.pl
- https://lublin.eu
2016 r.
About the discovery of a double burial in Czermno see:
About the excavations in Czermno in season 2016 see:
About the exhibition “Treasures of the Cherven Towns” in Bishop Erazm Ciołek Palace (a branch of the National Museum in Kraków), see:
- http://malopolskaonline.pl
- http://blog.mnk.pl
- http://fakty.interia.pl
- http://karnet.krakow.pl
- http://kkr.krakow.pl
- http://krakow.travel
- http://artbarbakan.artinfo.pl
- https://basiaacappella.wordpress.com
- report from the opening of the exhibition: http://mediatekamnk.pl
About the exhibition “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West” in the Museum of Southern Podlasie, in Biała Podlaska, see:
- http://www.bialapodlaska.pl
- report from the opening of the exhibition is available at youtube.com
About the exhibition “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West” in Stanisław Staszic Museum in Hrubieszów, see:
2015 r.
About the hoards discovered in Czermno and its surroundings, see:
- http://national-geographic.pl
- https://wiadomosci.onet.pl
- http://rp.pl
- http://zdziennikaodkrywcy.pl
- https://historiamniejznanaizapomniana.wordpress.com
- http://zamosc.naszemiasto.pl
About the hoards discovered in Perespa and Czermno, displayed in a closed presentation within the 3rd Seminar of the “Golden apple…” project, see:
- http://lublin.tvp.pl
- Niezależny Lublin
- http://www.rmf24.pl
- http://www.lublin112.pl
- http://archeowiesci.pl
- http://www.kurierlubelski.pl
- http://www.malopolska24.pl
- https://www.mpolska24.pl
- http://fakty.interia.pl
- http://lublin.gosc.pl
- http://historykon.pl
- http://www.thenews.pl
- report from the presentation of the hoards is available at youtube.com
About the exhibition “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West” in the Regional Museum in Rzeszów, see:
2014 r.
About the exhibition “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West” in Jacek Malczewski Museum in Radom, see:
About the exhibition “Cherven – a stronghold between East and West” In the Regional Museum in Sieradz, see:
2013 r.
About the excavations in Czermno in season 2013, see:
Other
2018 r.
On 6-7 July 2018, on our initiative were organised “Archaeological workshops for children in Czermno“. They took place at the foot of the Czermno stronghold and were led by archaeologist, historian, and cultural animator Katarzyna Radziwiłko. A photographic report from the workshops was presented on the Grody Czerwieńskie profile on Facebook.
2017 r.
On 5 July 2017, Professor Marcin Wołoszyn spoke on record about “Cherven Towns” for the film “Path to Monarchy” (from the series: “Tajemnice Początków Polski“), directed by Zdzisław Cozac (Media Promocja).
2016 r.
On 4 March 2016, a radio broadcast “Secret of the Cherven Towns = Zagadka Grodów Czerwieńskich” (“Eureka” series) was recorded, led by Katarzyna Kobylecka, for Polish Radio Programme 1. The hosts were Professor Marcin Wołoszyn and Professor Paweł Żmudzki. The broadcast is available on the “Eureka” (on the left side).
2015 r.
On 15 November 2015, the crew of the TV show “Było nie minęło. Kronika zwiadowców” filmed the hoard from Perespa for one of its programmes.